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文章以2008—2023年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本，将地级市公共数据开放平台的上线作为准自然实验，从合作创新视角考察公共数据开放的价值创造作用。研究发现，公共数据开放通过降低知识搜寻成本、拓宽知识搜寻网络，进而促进企业合作创新，且吸收能力会强化这一效果。公共数据开放对企业合作创新的提升效应在经济政策不确定性较低、算力发展水平较高的地区以及非国有企业、专精特新“小巨人”企业样本中更突出。此外，公共数据开放质量越高则合作创新水平也越高，而公共数据开放质量与数据开放成效是决定合作创新水平提升幅度的重要因素。研究结论为企业深入挖掘公共数据潜在价值、制定协同创新战略提供有益参考。
Abstract：This paper employs A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2023 as the research sample and treats the launch of municipal-level public data opening platforms as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the value creation role of public data opening from the perspective of collaborative innovation. The findings reveal that public data opening promotes enterprise collaborative innovation by reducing knowledge search costs and broadening knowledge search networks, with absorptive capacity strengthening this effect. The enhancement effect of public data opening on enterprise collaborative innovation is more pronounced in regions with lower economic policy uncertainty, higher levels of computing power development, as well as in samples of non-state-owned enterprises and specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative "little giant" enterprises. Furthermore, a higher quality of public data opening is associated with a higher level of collaborative innovation, while the quality of open data and the effectiveness of data opening are critical factors determining the extent of improvement in collaborative innovation levels. The research conclusions provide valuable insights for enterprises to deeply explore the potential value of public data and formulate synergistic innovation strategies.
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(1)城市层面的前定变量测度如下：经济发展水平（rgdp）采用人均实际GDP取自然对数度量；创新创业活跃度（cxcy）采用北京大学企业大数据中心公布的区域创新创业总量得分指数度量；互联网发展水平（internet）采用城市每万人互联网用户数度量；固定资产投资占比（fix-asset）采用城市固定资产投资额占GDP的比重度量。
（2）数据来源于https://ifopendata.fudan.edu.cn/。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19629/j.cnki.34-1014/f.250903010
中图分类号:D63;F273.1;F832.51
引用信息:
[1]金环,任仕佳.公共数据开放、知识搜寻与企业合作创新[J].华东经济管理,2026,40(04):53-63.DOI:10.19629/j.cnki.34-1014/f.250903010.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金青年项目“数据价值化对企业数字技术创新的影响研究”（72403130）; 国家社会科学基金重大项目“数据要素驱动经济增长的理论与政策研究”（23&ZD073）
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